VAT Trap Blog

Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid, is one of the oldest and most widely used medications in the world. Well known for its analgesic effects, it was later discovered to be effective in much smaller doses in preventing platelet aggregation that had a pivotal role in arterial thrombosis. Its role in inhibiting platelet activity has made it a cornerstone in the prevention and treatment of arterial thrombosis. In this article, we will explore the fascinating role of platelets in a

Research indicates that approximately 20% of the global population has elevated Lp(a), making it a prevalent, yet under-recognised, CVD risk factor. Despite its clinical significance, the management of elevated Lp(a) remains challenging. Standard lipid-lowering therapies, including statins, have little to no effect on Lp(a) and may even slightly increase its levels. However, emerging therapies such as PCSK9 inhibitors and innovative supplements like curcumin are shedding ligh

In atrial fibrillation or AFib, the atrial tissue quivers at approximately 600 cycles per minute, which means that it has no useful pumping function. The left atrium therefore, in patients with atrial fibrillation, merely acts as a passive conduit between the lungs and the left ventricle. It no longer serves to prime the left ventricle, and as a result, less blood enters the heart during diastole, less ‘priming’ occurs so cardiac output may fall. If ever you have experienced

When clots from the left atrial appendage dislodge, they can travel to various parts of the body, including the coronary artery, which receives about 5% of the blood from each heartbeat, or the cerebral arteries, accounting for approximately 20% of each cardiac cycle’s output

Statins are a mind boggling biological ‘ruse’. When this medication is taken orally, it causes liver cells to become deficient in essential cholesterol, so they respond by increasing the number of cell surface LDL receptors, thereby enhancing their capacity to extract LDL particles from the blood, significantly lowering circulating LDL levels. Statins remain the most effective and well-known way that doctors can lower LDL levels to prevent or treat coronary heart disease.

The idea of predicting a heart attack may have once seemed like science fiction, but it is rapidly becoming a reality. With the advent of advanced imaging techniques and artificial intelligence, we are now able to detect the early signs of coronary heart disease and intervene before a heart attack occurs. This represents a major shift in the way we approach cardiovascular care, moving from a reactive model to a proactive one.

Detecting coronary calcification on CT has been known as a sign of having coronary artery disease for over 30 years, but now the thinking has changed, and it might be logical to conclude that, if you have non calcified coronary artery disease, the best you can hope for is a strategy that calcifies your plaque!

Recognition that significant coronary artery disease exists without calcification led to the wider user of contrast-enhanced CT scans to detect both calcified and noncalcified plaques. Even more advanced scans identify not only the non calcified plaques, but also areas of inflammation (using data processing to measure FAI), that a non-contrast CT (such as a CAC scan) would otherwise miss. Sequential CAC to follow up disease progression quickly established that an increase in

Numerous epidemiological studies have supported the hypothesis that high homocysteine levels are a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. For example, the Framingham Heart Study demonstrated that individuals with homocysteine levels in the top fifth percentile had a nearly doubled risk of developing coronary artery disease compared to those with levels in the bottom 80 percent.

The medical understanding of a “heart attack” can sometimes diverge from the layperson’s perception. Many people interpret a heart attack as any acute, potentially fatal cardiac event, regardless of its cause. This discrepancy necessitates a deeper exploration of heart attack causes unrelated to coronary artery disease, particularly for understanding familial risks and discussing preventative measures like statins.

Medicine must change in response to rising costs, growing complexity and workforce pressures. Doctors and health influencers must empower individuals to take responsibility for their own wellbeing. My role has evolved from fixing broken hearts to preventing them from breaking in the first place.

N-of-1 medicine shifts the focus from population averages to personal biology. This blog series explores how individuals can run simple, safe self-experiments — using themselves as the control — to test plausible health hypotheses, track meaningful outcomes, and discover what genuinely improves their own health and wellbeing over time.

A heart attack happens when the ‘holes’ in at least four layers align by chance. Understanding this model helps us realize that heart attack prevention involves more than dealing with just one factor, such as by taking a statin.

Groundbreaking research from Oxford University reveals it is possible to detect and quantify ‘coronary inflammation’ – invisible to the human eye on conventional CT images, but detectable using artificial intelligence techniques.

Written by Dr Edward Leatham, Consultant Cardiologist: In this article, we shed light on various underlying factors that can lead to this cardiovascular emergency.